Writing

39 long-form articles on production engineering — how real systems fail, why, and what actually fixed them.

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System Design

Architecture decisions, distributed-systems trade-offs, and observability.

2 articles in Observability

ObservabilityJul 13, 202616 min read

Averages Are a Lie — The Long Tail That Quietly Runs Every System You Build, From p99 Latency to Hot Keys

The bell curve taught you the average is a fair summary and outliers are rare. In software both halves are false: latencies, key popularity, file sizes and follower counts are heavy-tailed power laws where the outliers…

ObservabilityJun 26, 202610 min read

Silence Isn't Death — Why "I Can't Reach It" Never Means a Node Is Dead

Every distributed system contains a quiet subsystem that decides which peers are still alive — and "send a ping, no reply, mark it dead" is wrong in a few interesting ways.